ABSTRACT

Background and aims. Paracetamol (AAP) is the most common drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It can induce oxidative stress which can cause cell death. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of paracetamol on the submandibular salivary gland (SMG)of Albino rats. Methods. Twelve adult male albino rats were used, divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received orally 350mg/kg (paracetamol) once daily for 4 weeks and control groups received 2ml physiologic saline, and methyl cellos once orally daily during whole experimental period. Results. Histological examination of the experimental group showed that acinar cells demonstrated pyknotic and deeply stained nuclei with many cytoplasmic vacuolations. The ducts showed some signs of degeneration with loss of their normal cellular outlines. However, showed degenerative changes. Apoptotic changes expressed by anti-active caspase 3 were more obvious in acinar cells than in ductal cells. Statistical results showed a significant (P<0.05) statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion. Long use of paracetamol leads to a degenerative and apoptotic change in acinar and ductal cells (SMG).

الدراسة كانت مقارنة بين نسبة الفلورايد في عينات عشوائيه لمياه طبيعية و مياه معلبة و ذلك لأهمية الفلورايد في تكوين الأسنان و حمايتها من التسوس

لدراسة كانت مقارنة بين نسبة الفلورايد في عينات عشوائيه لمياه طبيعية و مياه معلبة و ذلك لأهمية الفلورايد في تكوين الأسنان و حمايتها من التسوس

The researchers in this study set out to do just that by investigating what goes wrong with people's permanent dental prostheses in Libya. One hundred patients from the clinic in Gharyan, Libya, who had come in complaining of problems with their fixed dental prostheses were included in the study, and the reasons for their failure were categorized using Manappallil's system. Failures in Class 3 accounted for 30% of all failures, Class 4 for 24%, Classes, 2, and 4 for 8%, Classes 5 and 6 for 15%, and Class 6 for 11%. Class 1 for 8%, Class 2 for 12%, Class 4 for 24% Class 5 for 15 % and Class 6 for 11%. Unserviceable restorations due to poor margins were indicated as the most common cause of failure in class 3 failures in the current study. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Fixed partial dentures, Failure classification, success

Penicillin is a drug commonly used as an antibiotic agent. It is among the earliest discoveries made. It is a natural compound released to the environment by fungi (Penicillium notatum). Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 (Davies and Davies, 2010).

 Penicillin is found in various diverse forms and mostly obtained from Penicillium. The basic structures of penicillin and its derivatives are generally very similar and closely related. Penicillin and its derivatives generally have the similar basic ring β-lactam structure, which is formed by valine and cysteine amino acids through an intermediate tripeptide. The tripeptide third amino acid is substituted by an acyl group and this acyl group has specific functions and properties on penicillin and its derivatives

Penicillin G is one of the most used penicillin against microbes and it is not stable in gastric hydrochloric acid (Barker CI,2017). Oral intake of penicillin G is destroyed by stomach gastric acid before its absorbed in the blood and before it acts at the microbial infection site. Hence its route of administration is intra-muscular injection

penicillin is the most effective drug on Gram-positive bacteria. It is also known not to be effective on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi., penicillin act on the bacterial cell wall by breaking it down. Hence this leads to the death of the bacteria.Penicillin is a drug commonly used as an antibiotic agent. It is among the earliest discoveries made. It is a natural compound released to the environment by fungi (Penicillium notatum). Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 (Davies and Davies, 2010).

 Penicillin is found in various diverse forms and mostly obtained from Penicillium. The basic structures of penicillin and its derivatives are generally very similar and closely related. Penicillin and its derivatives generally have the similar basic ring β-lactam structure, which is formed by valine and cysteine amino acids through an intermediate tripeptide. The tripeptide third amino acid is substituted by an acyl group and this acyl group has specific functions and properties on penicillin and its derivatives

Penicillin G is one of the most used penicillin against microbes and it is not stable in gastric hydrochloric acid (Barker CI,2017). Oral intake of penicillin G is destroyed by stomach gastric acid before its absorbed in the blood and before it acts at the microbial infection site. Hence its route of administration is intra-muscular injection

penicillin is the most effective drug on Gram-positive bacteria. It is also known not to be effective on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi., penicillin act on the bacterial cell wall by breaking it down. Hence this leads to the death of the bacteria.

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of hyperdontia, hypodontia (which

includes mesiodens and fused teeth), talon cusps, microdontia (which includes peg-shaped lateral incisors), and

macrodontia in patients attending private dental clinics in Gharyan, Libya. During ordinary patient

examinations, the inquiry was undertaken clinically and radiographically. A total of 1219 participants were

included in the study (358 males and 861 females). 57 of patients had dental anomalies in the percentage of

(4.67%), 21 patients (1.72%) had missing teeth, 15 of them had one missing permanent tooth and 6 patients had

two missing permanent teeth (the lower 2nd premolar was the most tooth loss 0.49%). In addition, the study

showed that 16 patients had supernumerary teeth, 10 patients had microdontia and 7 patients had macrodontia,

whereas, two patients had talon cusp. Early detection of a treatable abnormality is critical in developing a

thorough treatment strategy for the patient. Some of the unpleasant impact should be avoidable. In some

circumstances; functional, cosmetic, and occlusal discord can be detected early enough to warrant interpret of

sessional consultation and treatment.

KEYWORDS: dental anomalies; hypodontia; microdontia; macrodontia

Phase I intervention in a skeletal

Class III case can involve

maxillary traction with a facemask,

often combined with rapid

maxillary expansion, followed by

orthodontic correction using Class

III mechanics.1 After cessation of

growth, however, treatment options

may be limited to surgical orthodontic

therapy.2,3 Although surgical treatment might produce

the best results, many patients reject

this option due to apprehension,

cost, or esthetic concerns.4-6

Orthodontic camouflage treatment

is possible in borderline cases, but

it is difficult to decompensate the

dentition and correct the occlusion

without jeopardizing the dentalperiodontal

equilibrium.

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of hyperdontia, hypodontia (which

includes mesiodens and fused teeth), talon cusps, microdontia (which includes peg-shaped lateral incisors), and

macrodontia in patients attending private dental clinics in Gharyan, Libya. During ordinary patient

examinations, the inquiry was undertaken clinically and radiographically. A total of 1219 participants were

included in the study (358 males and 861 females). 57 of patients had dental anomalies in the percentage of

(4.67%), 21 patients (1.72%) had missing teeth, 15 of them had one missing permanent tooth and 6 patients had

two missing permanent teeth (the lower 2nd premolar was the most tooth loss 0.49%). In addition, the study

showed that 16 patients had supernumerary teeth, 10 patients had microdontia and 7 patients had macrodontia,

whereas, two patients had talon cusp. Early detection of a treatable abnormality is critical in developing a

thorough treatment strategy for the patient. Some of the unpleasant impact should be avoidable. In some

circumstances; functional, cosmetic, and occlusal discord can be detected early enough to warrant interpret of

sessional consultation and treatment.

KEYWORDS: dental anomalies; hypodontia; microdontia; macrodontia

ABSTRACT: 

The current finding has been planned to estimate the biological impacts of the regular administration of 

antioxidant vitamin C on the submandibular gland of aged mice. Material & methods: Thirty aged Wister male 

mice (12-15 months), weighing 300 to 350gs, were utilized in this research. The mice were separated randomly 

into double groups (15 mice/each). The firstgroup where animals administrated distilled water orally. The 

second group where animals administrated orally vitamin C about 100mg once daily for a month by using the 

syringe. After a month all mice were sacrificed.The samples were attained from the gland of the mice in the 

whole group. After that, the slides were prepared and observed by the microscope. Results: Histopathological 

findings in the group1 included; damage of parenchymal and connective tissues of glands. In group2, the acini 

and ducts appeared approximately normal. Ultra-structure inspection of the group1 showed some vacuoles in 

the parenchyma, as well as, distorted most organelles. In group2, the ultra-structural manifestations appeared 

nearly normal. Conclusion: Vitamin C revealed obvious improvement toreduce aging alterations of the salivary 

gland.

KEYWORDS: Histopathological and ultrastructural effects, Antioxidant Vitamin C, Submandibular salivary 

gland, Aged mice

The most common antibiotics prescribed by dentists for dental infections in Gharyan city and neighbour regions